Computerized Enrollements System

INTRODUCTION The slow processing of enrollment is a levy issued for all schools. All schools like colleges, secondary, and elementary school uses registration form for the enrollees. The students will sign and full-up all the necessary information in order to have their personal file in the school registrar. The manual registration form is the first and common used for enrollment registration. This kind of processing of enrolment is wasting time. Students spend a lot of time to fall in line for how many hours to complete their requirements during enrollments. Most of time enrollees are go and fort between different offices, they need to fall n line for how many hours to get a lot of enrollment form and fill-up and sign it. From the registrar to the their respective dean, for the schedule of their subjects, for their assessment and to the accounting office. This kind of manual form of enrollment can be very wasting a lot of time. Acquiring and processing documents for assessment takes a lot of time to process. This is because; documents are manually acquired, evaluated, and processed. Slow processing of assessment is also aggravated when documents from persons file is lost or misplaced since they only used file cabinet as storage of data and no back-up strategies is available.Inconsistency of data is encountered in locating file, because enrollment for mare manually written, and manually computed for their assessment. Enrollment form data and checked manually for accuracy, HR staff chasing down employees to determine who has compute the process, benefit calculation by hand, manual entry of enrollment information into and carrier site or manual entry of deductions amount into the payroll system, and paper work filled and store. The paper –based manual method of open enrollment also incurs a soft cost that cannot measured. Employee dissatisfaction. Employees today are not happy with the level of ommunication they receive from traditional open enrollment. Mo st schools, businesses or establishments facing the same kind of problems, most of them sought a solution to help them aid these problems, to offer the best possible services to their enrollees or clients. Through the advancement of technology, they’ve used various software application to computerized some processes but lack features that fit their needs. In this regards, most of them sought to have customized information system. Nowadays computer serves as an important role in our society, most especially in school remise. It works easier and faster. It lessen errors and work by using machines. It reduces costs to an organization from paper work-up to computerized working system. A system designed to perform the process involved in registration, advertizing, assessments, and payments of the students as well as scheduling of classes. A new automated enrollment system was proposed and passed by the administration just recently. According to the chair person of the department o f Information Technology and System, this enrollment system will push through on the first semester of School Year 2009- 010. According to the source: the Computerizes Enrollment System will automatically get the students subject/section for hassle-free enrollment. This is for student without any pending back subject while for students with pending back subject, they still need to meet their department chair/coordinators first for the advising of subjects before using the enrolment system. The system design project, system that will provide the needed and storing information in a faster, more convenient way by storing file of the student enrollees in a computer system that ill lessen the effort of faculty staff and storing files of each students every now and then. This will also serve as information especially for the irregular students, freshmen, transferee, returnee and professor in able to get access in course. Subject, professor, and students enrollees. This information where c an be viewed in just a second without worrying that a single file lost. The idea behind enrolment system is not a new concept. As a student’s enrollees increase every year enrolment procedure become harder to deal. This will only serve to increase the problem facing enrollment that provides more easy way in enrolling.This will be a big help to all the enrolment staff especially to those under the computer department because they are the one who are entitled to touch and read the information from here. It will help our institution to have another system that will upgrade the enrollment processes so as to meet the quality that our institutions are trying to meet. October 1st will see the biggest change in the UK pension system since in inception as auto-enrolment begins to become integrated. By the end of the year some 600,000 people are expected to be enrolled into the new system that automatically diverts funds from their pay packet.The Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) h as outlined more details on the number of people expected to be signed up during the initial waves. It estimates that 380,000 workers will be signed up in October, a total of 420,000 will be enrolled by the end of November, and 600,000 will be in place by the end of the year. WH Smith has selected an administration system to comply with its auto-enrolment obligations from 1 March 2013. The system automatically identifies and enrolls relevant employees into the chosen pension scheme, provides communication and administration processes, and handles refunds if an employee opts out.The system is provided by Ceridian UK, which already supplies the retailer with its HRevolution Saas system for its 16,000 employees’ online pay slips. â€Å"Standard-alone Soft Ware/web system† for enrollment are another common approach. This spectrum involved the complementation of an automated solution to process open enrollment. The key business drivers for eliminating a paper-based process and replacing it with an automated process are :Reduction in the time it takes to process open enrollment. Elimination of the cost of producing and storing paper materials. Mitigating the possibility of human errors Increasing employee satisfaction.Employees are not the only ones who benefit from enrollment automation. Thanks to the customizable, rules-based validation capability present with this technology, the system will catch errors and incomplete information, prompting employees to make changes as needed. Additionally, managers and administrators can run reports to discover who still needs to complete the process and send automated reminders, without having to chase down employees on a one-on-one basis. The workload on HR staff is greatly reduced, as employees can handle their own enrollment tasks. Research has shown that employees and administrators are still dissatisfied ith the level of information and analysis tools that are available with many stand-alone benefit enrollme nt applications. The fundamental issue is that in order to make informed healthcare decisions, employees, HR administrators, and financial buyers need access to data commonly found in HR/Benefits and workforce management systems. Access to demographic information alongside of benefit participation data allows a company to analyze trend so that no group is overpaying or under-utilizing the benefits. Data can be segmented into employee groups by: age, family status, location, need, pay scales, and multiple combinations of the aboveSynchronizing data between the benefit enrollment software and the day-to-day HR/Benefit system is key to achieving this because employee data is always changing. This includes: Changing departments, Changing pay-grades, Changing locations, Changing family status, Changing work status and more The Completely Integrated Single System, one database approach is the best option available today. The need to make more information available to employees, and the ne ed to streamline processes even further, are what drive many companies into the third and most advanced phase of their open enrollment evolution.This is the sweet-spot, where businesses integrate their benefits enrollment system with their HR/Benefits and workforce management platforms to develop a truly comprehensive, integrated approach. When open enrollment is deployed as a complete, full-service package, an organization can: empower an employee’s decision process by providing all information they need including paystubs, HR, business rules and workforce management through one interface, enter and update all employee information in one place, maintain up-to-date data throughout the open enrollment process. now that data integrity is assured from system to system. Enrolment System are viable choices for schools, training programs, work place operations, educational institutions, such as colleges, and grade schools are assessed for a case. Online automated system is which ac cepts and organize enrollee information, can boost productivity. System operations proceeds faster, more efficiently and with greater accuracy than manual enrolment system. Programs are comprehensive and capable of handling all interrelated processes including: completion of all related forms, development, organizations, and maintenance of files.Creation of master lists; other special reports. Free assessments and balances. Departmentalized accounts receivable reports; class schedules and records updates. Garcia (2002) created also the LSPZ Computerized Enrollment System. The study can be a great help to person concerned during the enrollment period. The registrar, the instructors of the students lessen the burden manually browsing over enrollment slip for record purposes. Dioso (2004) stated that computer assists careful intelligent planning organizing, actuating and controlling. This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production ctivities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve condition Computer generated enrolment solutions afford students choices like options for payment, 24/7 that can benefit the whole operation. System typically include data protection and back up frameworks. Student’s enrollees have access to their personal information only. School personnel are able to keep up with teacher and students grades, pint averages and other pertinent identification data, such as grades, quizzes and any other modules that are considered necessary for efficient administration.Modification in school policies and requirements are easily edited online. Carrier guidance and evaluations are facilitated and traceable. What the online enrolment program effectively amount to is a self-service. On-demand students and administrators friendly guide and process optimizer. Employee workload is decreased and administrators can spend more time giving students more personalized attention and encouragement. Als o, the enrollment system is compatible with mobile app version for students and school staff. Some resources are available on download. com or torrent downloader. More reference links. ww. oppapers. com. www. scribd. com. This enrolment process in school is required by Information Technology. The objective of Information Technology is to help humanity from doing loads of work overtime. By having computerized system, the cost during enrolment will be cut down and much effort will be reduces. The project involves a series of studies that course all the requirements of creating a computerized enrolment system. The goal of the study is to provide an efficient computer-based system that will easily update, retrieve, and maintain students records. The developer concern is o make a system that will help to speed up process. Slow registration processing cannot blame anyone, because of the larger total population of the enrollees. School staff who incharge for the enrolment also encountered a lot of comments the the enrollees. They also encounter different kind of problems, stress and many more during the enrolment. The researcher aims to gather and record the effects of computerized enrollment system at Kings College of the Philippines from the enrolment of first semester from the School Year 2013 according to its status and year level of the enrollees.Kings College of the Philippines (formerly Eastern Luzon College ELC Benguet) started from the year of 2004. Located Pico La Trinidad Benguet. It has been educated institution for nine (9) years now. Reverend Kwon Young Soo from korea is the founder of the said school. service inside the school weekly and during and every Sunday. One of the problems of Kings College of the Philippines during enrolment was the generation of forms. The students needed to fill-up a lot of copies of a registration form (copy for the students, accountant, registrar and dean). Students were consuming a lot of time in doing such.Since students are manually filling-up the official documents of the school, data redundancy has a great possibility in causing further complexity in the enrolment process. The enrolment itself can be considered as a problem for the students. From evaluation to validation. It is a long process and students have to go back and fort in different offices to complete the enrolment procedures. It can be tiring and such a waste of effort for them. Another problem of the school was each of enrollment personnel especially in the accounting department which only had two (2) personnel to accommodate all the students during nrolment and payment of fees. The outcome was that the school had a hard time in accoumodating large number of students and that made it hard for other students to wait in line. For the past Seven (7) years the Kings College of the Philippines using manual process of enrolment. Enrollees need to fill-up a lot of registration forms and it is wasting time. A lot of enrollees did not unders tand or did not know what they will write on their form because no one can guide or assess them. On the other way the accountant or registrar cannot understand what had the enrollees written in the registration form.Or sometimes the enrollees did not fill-up the form very well. It is October 2011, second semester enrolment when the Kings College of the Philippines used the computerized enrolment system. It is not only for the enrollees but also for the guidance. Accounting office and registrar. Library and many more. The idea of using this system was came from one of the Professor and the Accounting incharged Mr. Heginio Clyde Abellanosa. At present the Kings College of the Philippines using the enrolment system. The computer laboratory 4 is the encoding area of the said school. You can fill up all the necessary nformation, you can choose all the subject and schedule that you want and in a second you can get your enrolment form together with the total of your tuition fee. After that you can now proceed to the accounting office for you payment. Every now and then they can monitor the list by course of enrollees. The total numbers of enrollees from its year level. And so the total number of enrollees per semester. From this system you can monitor the record, list of payments or balances. The respective dean of the department can monitor their students in their own offices. METHODOLOGY This chapter contains research design used by the author.The procedure that were used in this study namely: population and locale of the study, data collection instrument and statistical treatment of data. The method of research applied also in this research . This type of research aims to describe the data and characteristics of the case being studied. The idea behind this research is to study frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind the situation. Descriptive research is mainly done when a researcher wants to gain a better understanding of a topic.Explanatory research was also used by the researcher which is defined as carried out to ascertain that the occurrence of or the changes in the variable which leads to out comes as presented. Through this research, the researcher was able to find out how much variation is caused by another variable. This was appropriate for this study since it helped the researcher to have a better out come in terms of the description of the data in this research. Research Design This study entitled â€Å"Computerized Enrollment System: it’s effect to the enrollees ofKings College of the Philippines particularly to the Criminology students is a descriptive method of research was used in this study. This type of research is to study frequencies, average and other statistical calculations. Descriptive reasons are defined as involving collection of data in order to answer the questions concerning the current status of the study. I n this study questionnaire was the main data-collection tools. It is the most common used to gather information regarding the students that was utilized, in order to evaluate the effects of Computerizes Enrollment System to the respondents.It helped the researcher to have a better outcome in terms of the description of the data in this research. The questionnaire answered by the respondents consist of socio-demographic profile and the affects of the Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. This design is used to get information fasts. Population and Locale of the Study This study is conducted at the Benguet Provincial Capitol Assessor’s Office to gather the information needed in the study. The personnel in charge in the office were the respondents.The primary data to be gathered from the respondents were the possible solutions to the problems most often encountered in handling existing Real P roperty Tax Assessment transactions. This study was conducted at Kings College of the Philippines. Located at Pico. La Trinidad, Benguet during first semester of the school year 2013. The data was based on the enrollees enroled in the College of Criminal justice Education to gather the information needed in the study The case study entitled â€Å"Computerized Enrollment System: its affect to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students†.The case stated that the school’s enrollment process are time consuming, redundant students records, and has a slow retrieval of students record. The researcher dealt with transferees, freshmen, irregular students, returnee and professor, its effect to every enrollee. The researcher study how does it works faster than the manual form of enrolment. Sketch of Kings College of the Philippines Conceptual Framework The socio demographic profile of the enrollees such as age, and type of school gra duated from. Year level and status could be possibly affected to the enrollees on the computerized enrolment system.The present studies are used to determine the computerized enrolment system and its affect to the respondents. This study is delaminated on the Computerized Enrolment System: and its affect to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. Paradigm of the Study The operational paradigm of the study is where the Computerized Enrolment System, its affects and intervening variables are enumerated. Figure 1. Paradigm of the study shows the different variables of the study Independent Variable Dependent Variables Computerized Enrollment System Features | 1. Registration 2. Assessment 3.Systematic Enrollment 4. School Fee Management 5. Computerized Student Account 6. Class Schedule 7. Secure Login System 8. Student RecordsOther: | A. Level of Computerized Enrollment System affecting the enrolleesRate:3-Very effective2-Effective1-N ot effectiveB. Effect to the Students5-Always4-Often3-Sometimes2-Seldom1-Never| Dependent Variables So-Socio-demographic profile| 1. Age 2. Type of Secondary Educational Attainment 3. Year Level 4. Status | Statement of the Problem Enrollment plays a very serious role in every school premise. It is very important in every school and it acts as their foundation.Each school has their own system in handling their enrollment. And for them to accommodate many students, they need to computerize their enrollment system, for them to make their work easier and easy to manage. The respondents are the students of College of Criminal justice Education. From first year to forth year. It consists of ______students. _____from 1st year, ______from the 2nd, _____ from 3rd year, _______from 4th year students. This study seeks to find and assess the effects of Computer Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students at Pico, LaTrinidad Be nguet. Particularly it seeks to: 1. Describe the Computerizes Enrollment System affecting the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. 2. Identify the level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees Of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. 3. Recognized the degree of problem encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly in criminology students. 4. Identify why they used the Computerized Enrollment System The following hypothesis was tested in the study: 1.The effect of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students are modified. 2. The level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines are determined 3. The degree of problems encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the crimi nology students are Data Collection Tool The researcher has observed the Computerizes Enrolment System already. The utilization on the survey of the information flow within the Kings College of the Philippines.The questionnaire consists of the following: PartI1 it is the form of check mark wherein the socio-demographic profile such as: age, type of secondary educational attainment, year level and status of the enrollees. Part II it is the form of check mark wherein the level of Computerized Enrollment System that affect the enrollees is enumerated based on the observation. Part III it is the form of check mark wherein the level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees particularly to the criminology students. Most inquires written in the questionnaire were made by the researcher and other were ased on their observation. Statistical Treatment Data The data presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered from the system were tallied tabulated. They were treated weighted mean to Computerized Enrollment System. Its affect to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the Criminology students. This treatment are necessary information sought without losing its validity. It was used to enhance the researcher a clearer analysis and easier interpretation. The data come up with the _____1st years, ______2nd years, _____3rd years, ____and 4th year enrollees of Criminology.It discusses the number of problems in using manual registration form from the number and status of enrollees for the first semester enrolment school year 2013. According to the status of enrollees like returnee, transferee, freshmen, professor and the time and typed of workload lessen. Name: (optional)_______________________ Age: _______15-20, ________21-25, __________26-30 Type of school graduated from: _______Public _________Private Year Level: _____1st year, ______ 2nd year, ________ 3rd year, _______4th year Status: _____Freshmen, _____Old, _____Transferee, ______ Returnee ______ Professor 1.What are the Computerized Enrollment System affecting the enrollees during enrollment of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students? Direction: Please rate the level of Computerized Enrollment System that affects the enrollees during enrollment. Where: 3 -Very Effective2- Effective 1-Not effective Computerized Enrollment System| 3| 2| 1| Registration| | | | Assessment | | | | Systematic Enrollment| | | | School fee management| | | | Secure Login System| | | | Computerized Student Accounts | | | | Class Schedule| | | | Students Records | | | | Other | | | | 2.What are the level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to t enrollees Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students? Direction: Please rate the importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees during enrollment. Where: 5-Stongly Agree 4-Agree 3-Disagree 2-Strongly Disagree 1-Undecided Effects t o the Enrollees | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| More personalized attention| | | | | | Decreased workload| | | | | | More efficiency| | | | | | Greater accuracy| | | | | | Faster processing | | | | | | Systematized recording and verifying of data| | | | | | Easier way of registration| | | | | |Reduce redundancy| | | | | | Enrollment forms that are checked manually | | | | | | Lessen errors | | | | | | Fast summarizing of reports| | | | | | Updated reports of payments | | | | | | Other | | | | | | 3. What are the degree of problem encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly in criminology students? Direction: Please rate the degree of problems encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly in criminology students. Where: 5-Always 4-Often 3-Sometimes 2-Seldom 1-Never Degree of Problems| 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| Falling line| | | | | | Wasting time| | | | | |Filling-up and signing| | | | | | Encoding | | | | | | Printing | | | | | | Other | | | | | | Objective: The researcher aims to accomplish the following: 1. Determine the specific reason why Computerizes Enrollment System affects the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. 2. Determine the positive and negative effects of the Computerized Enrollment System to the students 3. Show the consequence of excessive use of Computerizes Enrollment System to the students. 4. To gather more information, to study its contribution to the students ,and to share out idea about the system to the students.

Kaymito Leaves Decoction as Antiseptic Mouthwash ”

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2011 Multi-Colored Fabric Dye From Talisay (Terminalia catappa) Leaves Extract Pauline Mariz Manuel Marjorie Marmeto Jiezel Ann Sescar Mrs. Ma. Regaele Olarte (Research Adviser) Statement of the Problem The researchers aimed to determine if the Talisay (Terminalia catappa) leaves extract could be developed as a multi-colored fabric dye. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions: 1. Can Talisay (Terminalia catappa) leaves extract be developed as a multi-colored dye? 2. Is there a significant difference between the experimental and control set-ups in terms of: a. Reaction to acid b. Reaction to base c. pH level d. Color fastness Table 1 Frequency Distribution of Yielded Results in terms of Color DYE| FREQUENCY| PERCENTAGE (%)| Violet| 97| 93| Yellow| 7| 7| Brown| 3| 3| TOTAL| 100| 100| Table 2 Comparison of Mean and T-test Result for Talisay and Commercial Fabric Dye TALISAY LEAVES| COMMERCIAL DYE| VARIANCE| COLOR| FREQUENCY| COLOR| FREQUENCY| | Violet| 90| Violet| 88| 2%| Yellow| 7| Yellow| 10| 3%| Brown| 3| Brown| 2| 1%| TOTAL| 100| | 100| | 1 comments Email ThisBlogThis! Share to TwitterShare to Facebook Links to this post THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6, 2011 Akapulko (Cassia alata L. Seeds as Purgative Extender for Pulvoron Akapulvoron: A Sensory Analysis Akapulko (Cassia alata L. ) Seeds as Purgative Extender for Pulvoron Karl Ericson Landrito Rochelle Gel Asilo Ludy Anne Castrence Maegan Morales Keith Louise R. Salazar Research Adviser: Mrs. Ma. Regaele A. Olarte A. Background of the Study Children during their early stage of learning are curious on how things around them work. They always want to play outdoor games such as  tumbang preso,  patintero,  piko,  jolens,  pogs, and many other games with their playmates. These games require touching and a lot of barefoot running. Children do not tend to know that running barefooted will cause the formation of ascaris and other parasitic worms that might infect their intestines. Malnutrition surrounds our country today; a lot of people, most especially the children, were the victims of it. One of the most common causes of malnutrition of children is worm infestation. Worm infestation can result if there happened to be a direct or indirect contact with the feces of an infected person. It can be dispersed when the feces of an infected organism are used as fertilizers in farmlands that are now converted into urban type of community. The kids that are living in that converted area can accumulate the infection that the former farmland has. Children that are infected can have parasitic worms inside their bodies. They can eventually experience malnutrition and other health deficiencies if not treated. Purgative medicines are cheap in cost but children dislike the taste because of its bitterness. The researchers came up with this project due to the desire of helping the parents of infected children in convincing their kids to take good-tasting purgative remedy that is cheaper in cost and can be done at home. The researchers found out that pounded and boiled akapulko seeds are used as an effective purgative agent. Akapulko is an herbal plant that can be used in curing skin, stomach, lung, and mouth problems, and  is well known for its sudorific, diuretic and purgative characteristics. It can be ingested without having any side effect or contraindications. The researchers thought of pulvoron, being a healthy, delicious, and attractive treat for all. The akapulko seeds were consider as extender in place of the traditional rice crisps, nuts, or nougats in the pulvoron. Established that akapulvoron could be an effective and safe purgative treat, the researchers intended to conduct a sensory analysis of the product to determine if it would be generally accepted by the public. 0 comments Email ThisBlogThis! Share to TwitterShare to Facebook Links to this post WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 2011 Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) Root Extract as an Alternative Ovicide against Dengue Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Eggs Dumayas, Diana Rose P. Geroche, Sheila Mae T. Pinote, Lorraine Angela D. (Researchers) Mrs. Ma. Regaele A. Olarte Research Adviser) Significance of the Study The augmenting number of Dengue cases not only in our country but also to other countries all over the world experiencing the abnormal change in weather is not of recent origin to us. Along with this difficult situation, there are two-winged, dipterous insects that hatch their eggs for a short time, reducing the size of their larvae and become â€Å"nervous-biters†. In that case, they are harder to in tercept in flight that is why it is more advisable to focus on the places where they lay their eggs. The researchers conducted this study in order to lessen the proliferation of mosquitoes or prevent the eggs from hatching using the Makahiya  Mimosa pudica  roots extract as an ovicide. As the experiment was proven to be effective, it is relevant to propagate the plant for mass production and communicate the results to other people. It is also significant to conduct experiments about the other potentialities of   the said plant, such as the anti fertility property of its root extract which was   proven in Albino white mice sperm cells according to Dr. Godofredo Umali-Stuart of University of Santo Tomas. comments Email ThisBlogThis! Share to TwitterShare to Facebook Links to this post Prototype Biometric Security System on Personal Computer Using Fingerprint-based Power Switch Researcher: Maycee Anne Rufino Research Adviser: Mrs. Ma. Regaele Olarte Statement of the Problem The study sought to devise a system to protect every computer from hacking and unwanted file sharing due to usage without permission by unauthorized users. The researcher utilized fingerprint-based biometric security system on the power switch of personal computer, thus making it unquestionably â€Å"personal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions: 1. How should the system be designed and developed in order to: a. Secure the user’s data from hacking or sharing, b. Provide an account security for the computer user, c. Ensure that the system is protected against alteration and not prone to errors? 2. What is the level of performance of the system based on the following criteria: a. Reliability b. Accessibility c. Efficiency d. Functionality? Hypothesis The fingerprint-based biometric security system on personal computer with remote access for the private user is  effective in terms of the specified criteria. Scope and Limitations The fingerprint-based biometric security system on personal computer is more accessible, secured, accountable and accurate. It is in the registered fingerprint where an account is created for hassle-free admission to the system. Furthermore, transactions do not consume much time and effort since the information needed to connect and to access one’s account is already automated. The following were the scope and limitations of the study: * The study only focused on the general transaction of database and of safe-keeping for the data-security of personal computers. This mechanism was not advisable for shared computers but merely for personal use, as only an authorized person could gain access on the most important data and information stored in the computer. * The system would not operate if the user is unauthorized or unregistered. Only authorized user with registered thumb mark and password can get into the system. * This device can register and hold up to five authorized users only to access the system. * The fingerprint-based power switch can also be used on any technology containing switch. (e. g. lighting, appliances, motorcycles etc. ) 2 comments Email ThisBlogThis! Share to TwitterShare to Facebook Links to this post TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2011 Environmental Briquette from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) with Acacia Seeds as Binding Agent Mary Jane Bucio Patricia Anne Javier Charlz Deanne Hermoso Angel-lyn Lazo Jamira Marabut (Researchers) Mrs. Ma. Regaele A. Olarte (Research Adviser) ABSTRACT Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant which could well be used, instead of wood, in generating an alternative source of energy. The processing of water hyacinth into briquette would have a significant role not only in the development of an alternative fuel, but also in the preservation of the environment. The water hyacinth that was harvested, dried, and pulverized was mixed with cassava starch and acacia seed binder by being compressed into briquettes in a manually-operated machine. The experimental set-up made use of dry and fresh water hyacinth while a traditional charcoal served as the control. In all the quality tests done, T- test showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental product and the commercial product in terms of various parameters, at 0. 05 level of significance. The results of experimentation and data analysis showed that the experimental product is just as effective as the commercial briquette, with better potential of helping the environment by reducing the negative consequences brought about by water hyacinth’s rapid profusion. Thus, the  environmental briquette made from water hyacinth with acacia seeds as binding agent could be an effective alternative to the traditional charcoal made from burning of wood. 1 comments Email ThisBlogThis! Share to TwitterShare to Facebook Links to this post Older PostsHome Subscribe to:  Posts (Atom) CHATBOX! Julian Paolo Biyo  Jason Andrei TemeloI-RubyPhilippine Science High School Western Visayas Campus Investigatory Project TITLE: Effect of the Different Types of Substrates on theBiodegradability of SM Plastic Bags I. Background of the Study Official figures show that plastics make up around 25%  of thegarbage that metro manila churns out, while an  independent surveyconducted by Ecowaste Coalition and  Greenpeace on the compositionof discards on manila bay  in 2006 found that  51% were plastic bags,19% sachets and junk  food wrappers, 5% Styrofoam, 1% hard plastics,10% rubber, 13% biodegradable wastes (Cayetano, 2008;www. enatorpiacayetano. com/psc/pressreleasedetails. php? recordID=175)Biodegradable plastics are degradable plastics on which thedegradation results from the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi , and algae ([email  protected] com). These plastics are broken down into  water, carbon dioxide, methaneand biomass  primari ly through enzymatic action on microorganisms(Azios, 2007www. csmonitor. com/2007/1219/p16s01 -sten. html). Biodegradable will fully disintegrate in six months or  less. It turns intopowder and blends with  the soil after a few months  (Demetillo, 2008www. mprime. com/News. php? BlurbID=1113). Many biodegradable plastics will decompose in  industrial plants,backyard compost piles, or open  environments. The  inherentbiodegradability of plastics depend on  several environmental factorssuch as moisture, temperature, surface area, and the manufacturingmethod of the finished  product. (Nolan-ITU Pty Ltd, 2002www. environment. gov. au/settlement/publications/waste/deg) Although some brands claim to be biodegradable in open air andsaltwater, virtually no decomposition occurs within a closed landfillthat has been  capped, preventing air circulation. Azios, 2007www. csmonitor. com/2007/1219/p16s01 -sten. html)  The  SM  mall  chain  has  started  shifting   biodegradable  plasticbags for its supermarkets and department stores (Cayetano, 2008). The use of biodegradable plastics help lessen the burden of the ever-growing garbage problem in the Philippines and in  the whole world II. Problem of the Study This study was  conducted to answer the following problem:Will exposing the SM plastic bags to different substrates such ascompost soil, loam soil, tap water, and seawater over a period of timeaffect its biodegradability? III. Hypothesis of the Study If SM plastic bags will be placed in different substrates over aperiod of time, then its  biodegradability will be affected. IV. Objectives of the Study A. General Objective: †¢ To determine the effect of different substrates on the biodegradabilityof SM plastic bags. B. Specific Objectives: 1. To expose SM plastic bags to different substrates such as compost soil,loam soil, seawater and tap water for a duration of several months. 2. To measure the weight of the plastic bags (grams) before and afterdifferent exposure periods to  the substrates. . To compare the percent weight loss of the SM plastic bags exposed todifferent substrates after a period of time. V. Design  of  the  Study A. VariablesA1. Independent variables/ manipulated variable: substrate 1. Compost soil2. Loam soil3. Seawater4. Tap  waterA2. Dependent variable/ responding variable: biodegradability (percentweight loss)B. Materials †¢ 6, 1-litre glass jars †¢ 6, 7†x9† aluminium trays †¢ 12 pcs. 3†x4† SM plastic bags †¢ 500g loam soil †¢ 500g compost soil

Ethical Issues in International Business Essay

Tip usually refers to an offer made after services have been rendered. It is not of a legal concern. However, bribing is something of serious concern and it is questionable. Bribing to get a business contract is to secure favor against a party. However, when tip is offered in large amount in order to get a bigger table, it cannot be said as similar to bribing. But it has very little ethical concern compared to bribing for securing a business contract. Securing a better table is having a favor by offering a heavy tip but it does not stand equivalent to bribery. Bribing is more serious because it can affect business dealings and contract loss of the opposing party against which bribe is offered. For example, if two parties wanted to have same contract, but one of them bribed to gain the contract then the other party is a looser and lost their contract and business. So just securing a good table is not of very serious concern as compared to securing of business contract. Bribing is to harm others and gain favor when other party was strong enough to beat the competition. Securing a better table is much less serious issue and it does not involve any legal concerns and does not harm others. But though, it is just getting an advantage over others and getting better place than others. But now-a-days people have started offering heavy tips to have a better table. The moral here is this that thinking of oneself as more important than others. Though in both cases it somewhat looks the same that you’re offering money to get favor and advantage over others. But deeper consequences, legal issues and ethical issues are involved in case of bribing. Securing a table does not involve any legal issues or ethical issues of deeper concern. Tipping cannot be said compatible to bribing. Bribery is far more immoral attitude compared to securing a table. It involves breaking a deal with one party when it already had 90% chances to secure the deal before bribery. Hence, the company who actually deserved the right to have a contract looses it and the one who were not qualified get the deal by offering bribe. Thus, it is an immoral approach, promise breaking, and snatching of rights of other party. It may also involve some legal issues when damages incurred are severe because of bribe. Alienation of agency is one of the worst immoralities, and it happens when bribe-taker’s company breaks the deal or contract with another party after receiving the bribe. There are several other severe consequences of bribe apart from alienation of agency (Andrade, 1985). Therefore, it is understandable that bribe is totally an immoral act. And sometimes it becomes so necessary to bribe that in certain countries nothing gets done if you don’t give bribe (Koukl, 1996). Bribe also results in injustice and prevent justice among the parties. Securing a good table at restaurant, though, to seek a better place in restaurant and to have better service and favor over others is not a severe case as bribery is. Many restaurant owners admit that there is ‘little choice between the tables and only to make more money we reserve some fancy tables. ’ Our morals and ethical issues are not much of concern in having better table. But bribery has several and immoral consequences.

HRM strategy and implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

HRM strategy and implementation - Essay Example zation to lay more focus on its core activities hence increasing the output and ensuring that the business has a greater competitive advantage (Campbell 606). In some cases, focus is put on the possible impact of future sets of promotional tactics. Marketing oriented models are often used to optimise promotional strategies of an organization with respect to sales revenue or profit margins. Techniques used for this purpose were developed by econometricians and were first applied to consumer goods that were specifically being packaged. A good market model would entail a detailed mathematical representation of the actual interactions among the different market forces. These various participants include economic forces and the different choices that are made at various levels of doing business within an organization. Different market models attempt to explain or predict the behaviour of various aspects of a market. For instance, for security markets, one model would attempt to express how the return on a certain product portfolio can be maximized. A marketing model is a central component of the general marketing discipline. Information technology has indeed ensured a rapid change in the way businesses carry out their marketing (Chesbrough, et al. 2000). More customers can now be reached within a short time by use of reliable technologies that are very cost effective. Human resource refers to people-power within an organization. People within an organization are normally charged with the responsibility of ensuring that machines and other resources are put into good use. Resources such as computer systems only help to facilitate the work done by the human resource (Kelly 2003). People with various skills and academic credentials ensure that various duties are carried out in an organizational setup. The term human resource therefore refers to the way in which people are managed by organizations. Human resource is the most complex and difficult category of resources to

Critically examine a period of strategic change for an organisation of Essay

Critically examine a period of strategic change for an organisation of your own choice. Outline the triggers for change and the - Essay Example 7 Triggers to this change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 2- Product Differentiation as a strategic change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Triggers to this change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 3- Retail-marketing/ Own-store retailing as a strategic change †¦ 10 Triggers to this change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Significant organizational issues facing the managers in strategic change .. 12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 Introduction In the light of large-scale changes facing the world around the business, organizations require to undergo strategic changes and strategic re-orientations. Both the external and internal environments of a business face tremendous changes day by day, mainly due to technological advances, varying customer requirements, differences in marketing trends etc, and in order the business to survive in this challenging environment, it is highly important that business must be accustomed with the environments through the strategic change possible. For management, there are quite a large number of strategies to help the business achieve its specific or common goals. Out of these strategies, change itself is a strategy as it is, though a challenge to get it successfully implemented, an opportunity for the business. Apple Inc with the leadership of Steve Jobs has emerged to be an organization that prospered a number of strategic changes l ike retail-marketing, innovative product design, product differentiation etc. This piece of research paper is an attempt to address the strategic change from both literature perspectives as well as empirical evidences from Apple’s strategic change. This paper outlines how Apple Inc has managed strategic change at various situations and how it could successfully implemented changes like launching of its retail-marketing. Apple Inc: An overview Apple Inc, one of the most successful technology companies of today, has been established by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in early 1970. It’s startup story itself is amazingly interesting as it is closely linked to one-off hobby machine that an outstanding talented electronic wiz, Steve Jobs, made for himself and this has later become the core of the most successful companies of today (O'Grady 2008, p. 1). Apple Inc is a multinational company, headquartered in California, that designs, develops, and markets personal computers, servers, communication devices like cell-phones, portable music digital players and related accessories (Datamonitor 2010). The company has always been thriving on innovation and continuous changes. It ignited personal computer revolution in early 1990s with the development of Apple- II. The company thus went through a number of strategic changes in production, technology, marketing, innovation and so on. It later reinvented the personal computer within the next few years by the development of Macintosh. Macintosh and its another development called iMac gave the company deeply routed brand loyalty (Kerin, Hartley and Berkowitz, 2005, p. 395). In recent years, Apple found hidden marketing opportunities, that were until then explored by none, for digital music players, music software, iPhone, 3G iPhone etc and revolutionized its markets through effective distribution with

Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analysis - Assignment Example These questions represent 16% of the total question set. These questions may therefore need to be replaced by other questions which may be considered of optimal difficulty. Those having an optimal level of difficulty would have a difficulty index (P-value) of 0.50 0r 50% and those which were considered to0 easy would have a P- value of between 90 and 100 %. These are: From the information above and the Bar Graph in the Appendix it is clear to see that the easy questions are concentrated from the 1st to the 14th question, with the highest percentage (38%) coming from Chapter 15. A total of eight (8) questions were taken from this chapter. In applying the difficulty index five (5) questions fell below the optimum P- value of 0.50. These are considered fairly difficult and the percentage of candidates who answered them correctly ranged from 31 to 46%. The quiz items were as follows. This represents 10% of the total test items. Here Chapter 15 is featured once again. This additional information implies that 50% of the questions taken from that chapter may not be appropriate. I say may because there are various reasons why they may be allowed to remain. Low P-values normally suggest difficult items. It could mean that the question confused some candidates or that the contents related to those test items may need to be re-taught. The percentages noted above are considered above the P-value that would require the content to be re-taught. Further analysis could be carried out on items on the quiz that may be discriminatory. High values would be suggestive of discrimination (R). When a test item has a high R value it suggests that the candidates who received high test scores got the item correct while those with low scores in the quiz got the item incorrect. The Bar Graph and Pie Chart in the Appendix gives a graphical illustration of the results of the

Apple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apple - Case Study Example free sharing and downloading found application in the way P2P services functioned. This raised the popularity of such services where it was possible for users to share their favorite albums free of cost. When compared to subscription services that charged a fee for their services, the P2P services provided the users with flexibility as well as a range of choice. Q3) I feel that P2P services would grow in popularity though companies like Apple can minimize the impact using iTunes by flexible licensing, stricter control over sharing by encoding the iTunes music etc. My prediction for iTunes is that it is better equipped to deal with the threat of piracy and free downloads because of the way it is marketed as well as the concept itself. Q4) The greatest threat to Apple is from the â€Å"me-too† clones that can usurp its market share and derail its sales in the way it is marketed. As happened in its software venture, Apple faces the real possibility of its unique approach towards its products being copied by rivals and marketed at a lower price as well as in a generic manner (as opposed to the niche way in which Apple markets its

Determinants of financial conservatism in the United Kingdom and Dissertation

Determinants of financial conservatism in the United Kingdom and France - Dissertation Example In the first section, which serves as a background and motivation for this investigation; the empirical studies into financial conservatism and debate on its existing measures in a summarized form has been laid out. In this chapter, a detailed literature review is presented, which elaborates on the various schools of thought regarding conservatism. The next section describes about financial distress. The co-relation between financial distress and financial conservatism is discussed. The analysis has been carried out on financial models of Ericson (as an example from the literature), Alcatel-Lucent and England and Wales Cricket Board (their financial report) as case studies and the results have been discussed to establish that the financial conservatism has its standing and strengths in corporate governance to the modern corporate world. In addition, a comparison of the term Financial Distress with the Accounting Conservatism from the literature concludes that financially conservative firms do not depend on financial distress. To carry out this comparison, a sample of small firms that defaulted on their bank debt in UK and France is taken and analyzed. The last part is devoted to the conclusion of our analysis efforts. From this study, we conclude that financial conservatism is very independent of financial distress and provides more flexibility to the firms. We find that there are several reasons to use accounting conservatism in corporate governance and that current empirical evidence indicates that conservatism has increased in the last decades. Key terms; International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Financial Conservatism, Cash conservatism, Leverage Conservatism, Regression Analysis, Statistical Mean, Empirical Measure/Model, Data, Cash Flow, Financial Distress, Bankruptcy and Proxies CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF CONSERVATISM 1.1 Introduction Conservatism is the most influential principle of valuation in accounting (Watts, 2003).It is defined as the di fferential verifiability required for recognition of profits versus losses. Firms employ this approach to restrict the risk factor by anticipating/ portraying lower profits along with higher losses. According to the principle of conservatism in accounting in case of doubt, the accounting alternative that is least likely to overstate assets and income should be chosen. (Schroeder et al., 2001, p.78). The conservative accounting method influences both on earnings and on net asset value. The effect on earnings will depend on whether the investments are growing, stable or decreasing. Conservative accounting always results in a lower net asset value of the company. Thus, conservatism of the firm can be evaluated based on either its leverage conservatism (low leverage firms) or cash conservatism (cash rich firms) or both. (Iona et al., 2004). It is employed to avoid any misunderstanding regarding the company’s financial standing with the internal as well as external shareholders. T hese stakeholders can be the business shareholders, debt holders and the management. 1.2 General Approaches to Financial Conservatism 1.2.1 Revenue Recognition Firms commonly impose a strict revenue recognition policy as part of their conservative policies. This ensures that the company does not over state its revenue, hence reducing the chance of inflated gross profits appearing in its financial statements. For this purpose, the revenue is recognized only when the products are sold/services completed; all transactions are realizable. 1.2.2 Overestimation of Allowance for Bad Debts This policy is placed to cater for a worst-case scenario

Marketing principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing principles - Assignment Example The aim of the process had to be under the management of a marketing manager (Drummond & Ensor, 2005). All these definitions are important. Marketing has to be under the management of an individual with appropriate skills to accomplish the missions set. It is a process that ensures the organization meets its objectives in terms of sales of products and services, and it is a process that has to ensure the consumer gets what he or she wants. One common idea is that it is an organizational process meant to increase profits. This could be by making the customers aware of the existence of the product, informing the consumers of its benefits, or even enticing consumers to buy the product. Marketing is a vast field and involves a lot of other organization activities. The manner in which an organization conducts its activities can also be marketing. Through their activities, people will get to know them and appreciate or grade them, hence improving the image of the company. This is indirect marketing (Drummond & Ensor, 2005). ... This information is then disseminated across departments to ensure a specific aim is attained. It is all about an organization making use of the marketing concept as the basis for its marketing plans, therefore, supplying products that suit consumer preferences and tastes (Blythe, 2009). A perfect example is the production of iPhones by Apple and Samsung. These companies conducted thorough market research, found out the consumers’ desires, and used research and development techniques to develop what the consumer wanted: the iPhone with various pleasing features. The companies then made use of promotional activities to inform the consumers about the product (AFP, 2013). Marketing oriented organizations also have to monitor what their competitors do, and the effect of such actions on consumer preferences and tastes. The organization should also analyze the effect of other exogenous factors (Blythe, 2009). Marketing oriented organizations can also be oriented towards marketing fr om a sales, product, production, or marketing perspective. This means that an organization can focus on marketing a specific product, can focus on increasing sales, and can focus on improving its production, or even marketing the whole organization’s products. There are different perspectives that can be taken. In ‘Tip-Top accessories’ for example, the manager can focus on increasing the sales of all the products; hence identify marketing strategies appropriate for such an approach. The manager can also focus on the production approach, conducting market research and supplying products with features needed by the consumers, or the manager can just focus on appropriate marketing strategies for various products depending on the market environment, and the internal conditions

Gender Stereotyping In The Media Essay Example for Free

Gender Stereotyping In The Media Essay It has been strongly evident that the media has played a large role in gender stereotyping for decades. Since the very beginning of film, movies and television shows have depicted men and especially women as lower or lesser beings. This â€Å"tradition† of sexism has of course, decreased since the 50’s but still lingers on in many of today’s television programs. In the early 50’s, with television shows such as â€Å"I Dream of Jeanie† and â€Å"I Love Lucy, women were portrayed quite openly as being the server to their husbands, the men. They were considered to be lower than men or in other words of less importance. Many of the shows from this era showed a substantial amount of gender stereotyping. For example, the women were to do what they were told, they were the only ones who cooked and cleaned, and they were the primary caregiver for the children. Of course, things have changed since the 50’s. Women have proven to be powerful and just as competent as men, thus, making it harder for television shows to portray them as lesser individuals. However, although the gender stereotyping has decreased, it is certainly still evident in the media. There are several television shows being broadcasted today that do, in fact, show some form of gender stereotyping, particularly towards women. However, it is less out in the open and blunt than it use to be in the early 50’s and 60’s. One must read between the lines and pay attention to notice the stereotypic behavior being portrayed. While this behavior may be subtle, it does, in fact still exist. There is a very well known show on MTV known as â€Å"The Real World,† which comes on every Wednesday. It is a reality based show which places seven strangers into one house for several weeks where they are to live together for the duration of the program. As many of us know, reality shows are not what they appear to be. The directors and producers of such shows have the ability to crop and edit which specific clips of the film that they want to be premiered. Inevitably, they are able to portray the individuals on their show in any way that they want. For example, they may choose to only show clips of certain individuals where they are crying, fighting, or as â€Å"The Real World† often does, being promiscuous. This is a vital key in how this show can stereotype a specific gender. In episode three of the new and current season of â€Å"The Real World,† it can be concluded that women are overall depicted as foolish, whiney, selfish, rude, childish, and promiscuous. The men of the serious, however, are showed in a softer, lighter side. They are portrayed as caring individuals who would rather stay away from most of the women and stray from any drama or arguments going on inside of the house. In one segment of the show, two of the women of the house are running around the house screaming and yelling, playing a game which appears to be cowboys and Indians. The next scene shows the men of the house calmly sitting outside having adult conversations. This is clearly in effort to make the females look childish. In another segment of the show, the women are basically all fighting with one another while the men sit quietly in the background. One of the females sarcastically asks another cast member if it is fun living with a bunch of girls. The other cast member quickly responds with a no. It should be understood that not everything that the women in the house on this show have done have been childish or in anyway degrading. It is impossible to fit everything that has been recorded of these people when producing the show. So, everything that viewers are allowed to see has been carefully selected for various reasons such as higher ratings. The more dramatic events that happen, the more likely it will be for the show to attract audiences. However, why is it that there are no dramatic sequences shown where the men are degrading themselves? In conclusion, gender stereotyping in the media, although lessened since the 50’s, does still exist on television programs today. Whether women are portrayed as inferior to men or simply more ignorant or immature, the fact is that gender stereotyping is an all too sad reality in the world that we live in today. Perhaps one day we can come to an understanding that all men AND women and created equally. Works Cited www. mtv. com www. realworld. com www. people. unt. edu/jw0109/misc/stereotype. htm

Role Of Media In Branding Fashion Apparel Industry Marketing Essay

Role Of Media In Branding Fashion Apparel Industry Marketing Essay In order to accomplish the objective, the spirit of media have to be fully understood in strategic positioning for high-end clothing industry and the influence of media planning on the companys marketing strategy, the extent of the appearance of media and how the companies are to retort to the information provided by the media. This study is expected to endow with the exposure of the roles of media, the brand management of luxury industry, the interface of media and branding for this particular field as a retrospective expression and to be considered as an esteem of this area Implications for Organizations The affray is getting so furious that the enterprise natural environment alterations all the time and it is crucial for latest tendency retailers to differentiate in the market location as well as the designing of trading advocating (Moore and Fairhurst, 2003). This task has its own restricts in proposing which should be worried on, but it still presents some insight into buyer demeanour when it arrives to fashion. Marketers should use a blend of diverse advances to advance or boost the possibilities for persons to obtain advocating information. For example, to attain the yearned conclusion of maximized branding, the significance of the intermediate that convey the advocating note can not ever be worried enough; it should be mindfully assessed and the contents should be creative, eye-catching to grab the consumers attention. Ideally, the note will consign to the buyer assembly and leverage their buying demeanour or habits. In order to positively influence recipients opinions towards advertising covering both current and potential consumers requires intricate research and design, because it concerns with the delicate functions of advertising communications of medium, source credibility, and advertising and fashion systems.   Literature Review   The future success will not belong to product or technology-oriented organizations, but to customer-focused organization, supported by market-information competencies, which links the customer to the firms value-delivery process. (Webster, 1988) The intension of this project is to observe the role of media in positioning strategy and brand management for premium apparel industry. The endeavor is to reconfirm the significance of media in branding communication and to disclose the feasible best solution to the decision-making of marketing strategy. To absolutely identify the personality of media in strategic positioning for high-end consumer goods and the impact on the companys marketing strategy, we should first clarify the nature of media, then of the leverage it possess. Fashion Fashion is not just about apparel and accessories. Rather, it is more of a mind-set in the direction of life and can be appeared as a cipher or dialect which reflects the phenomenon of the society. (Solomon and Rabolt, 2004). In detail, it wrappings all kinds of commerce parts automobiles, furnishings, architecture, telecommunications etc. All of this can be documented as that Fashion or vogue habitually comprises certain stage of heritage activities. It could be a chic bistro persons proceed to, the digital melodies contestant we convey with everyday or even the most talked-about TV programme. However, when mentioning to latest tendency in this task, we restrict the meanings to one of numerous modes persons articulate themselves by the apparel constituent being put on. Consumer Behaviour towards Fashion Discussions of buyer demeanour can be traced back as early as The idea of Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen (1925 [1899]), which proposes the transformation of every day purposeful products into certain thing symbolic for the inherent affray of communal status. Status searching in such a important motivation for obtaining the right goods and services, the users wish the other ones will understand he or she has the proficiency to make it.(Thompson,1990) Further elaboration indicates the premier communal superiors are in seek of new tendencies and methods endlessly, in alignment to differentiate themselves from the tricking-down consequences on the less privileged groups. (Simmel,1971[1903]). While latest tendency merchandise really is the perfect piece class for expressing the personal and psychological facets of oneself (Lazer, 1981), it is the individuals yearn to sustain and enhance his own values. Then, brand was altered into the pointer ob emblem wearers mind-set, by which a in dividual broadcasts his persona, displays his standards, expresses his feeling, or suggests his attitude., (Evans,1989) Particularly, latest tendency brands are entails of expressing identification and subsequently, proceed as a assurance of consistency and a shortcut in decision-making. Premium Fashion Retailing Fashion is a multi-billion-dollar business. On the matching bases of delineating latest approach, premium apparel latest approach is delineated as designer wear, which embraces the designers own tag and their overpass lines. The reasoning behind it is that the borderline between high latest approach and mass latest approach is significantly vague (Solomon and Rabolt, 2004), and most of the bulk view the designers brand label label is high-end fashion. As designer label, logo, label and trademark are decorated on clothing, boots, bags, they are drawn on to present the individuals sole taste.(Lurie,1981) The heading of designer clothing, as upheld by Danziger(2004), collapses under the group of lifestyle luxuries. Highly brand label oriented administration that add worth and brings ahead symbolic worth past the operational can in addition gain a merchandise charge advantage  by compelling a charge premium family member to competitors, which is often the case in the couture latest app roach market. Competitive superiority in the latest approach retail subdivision is the point to which the governing body ideals brand labels and its practices are oriented towards building brand label capabilities. Fashion brand labels want to deduce their unique brand label labels and, as such unique capabilities in rank to realize bigger market differentiation. Manufacturers commonly use branding as a signifies of augmenting symbolic worth (consumption) to an item. Handsome charge will be compensated to the advertiser who has the head to bring ahead a rational photograph and the constancy to fasten with it over a long period. (Ogilvy, 1963) Mass Media and Advertising The issue of broadcasting and advertising is one of the most discussed subjects in view to consumerism in concurrent society. Some dispute that mass broadcasting inaccurately report   the development of the enterprise, but the press is the greatest reflection of societys relative standing (Oliver, 1984) and advertising helps as an invention for clients, those who are keen to compensate since the knowledge it gives lessens explore time. From the purpose of scenery of economic procedure of knowledge, advertising is an influential source of client information.(Stigler,1961) Firms today deduced very fragile selling approaches to make perform with the use of knowledge to distribute promulgating budget. Exclusivity is the victorious charge for striving against bidders and it often growth recognition substantially. Many new means of promulgating have modified the conventional awareness of advertisements: advertising sites, sponsorship, signage, billboard, wares locations, credits etc. Fashion Marketing Fashion development has become midpoint to mass society as one of the course for separate someone verbalize themselves and bring ahead identities. (De la haye and Wilson, 1999) Marketing in latest approach development has shown a movement of quick development. A comprehensive appreciating and winning request for paid job is resolutely under the attention of triumph for every latest approach retailer. Several worries are stressed by empirical research for selling advance to communications: (Burberry, 2002; Moore and Birtwistle, 2004) The value of promulgating for creating a luxury brand photograph and way of life association has been recognized. Fashion shows and associated events augment substantially to the achievements of global broadcasting coverage. A proactive media organization strategy is very valued for the attainment of enough editorial reporting and the development of a plausible global profile and standing. Active selling making acquaintance in the development of photograph and way of life that is competent of engendering extensive involvement amid costumers and media. Brand Management A brand label is such a very valued intangible asset and ought be supervised carefully (Webster and Keller, 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brand location is the part of the brand label personal identity and worth proposition that is to be energetically conveyed to the objective listeners and that clearly presents superiority over other, striving against brands. (Aaker,1991) Literature consistently cites to brand labels as an evaluate to add worth, either for the wares or the service the financial gathering has to offer. In rank to realize the brand label objectives and to enhance the competitiveness, administration nee to supervise the worth augmenting capabilities and initiate their own sole aspects that demarcate the offerings from those of competitors'(Brisdon and Evans, 2004; Simones and Dibb, 2001) Branding is the quintessence of selling pursuit in a company. In other remarks, brand label organization should be the utmost guidance for helping the financial gathering to realise the companys greatest goal. To endure and flourish, administration ought to bring ahead win-win bonds with the population they deal with in a collaborative quest for an actual configuration of mutual worth creation. Apparel branding has been encountered to function as a cue to consider consumers; association with certain groups. Theoretical Rationale Russel H. Colley (1961) had come up with DAGMAR approach to establish an explicit link between ad goals and ad results. He opines that an advertising goal is a precise communication task to be accomplished among a definite audience in a given period of time. This approach has changed the way that advertising outcome was measured. It introduced the concept of communication objectives like awareness, understanding, image and outlook. It also focused attention upon measurement, cheering people to create objectives so precise that they can be calculated. DAGMAR assumes that the awareness and liking of the brand can be achieved through media advertising alone. Media advertising is an prominent source of consumer information.(Stigler, 1961) Many new ways of advertising have altered the traditional view. In the ever-changing business world, the reassurance consistent brands can offer is a vital element in the added value (Feldwick, 1990) In light of the exceptional short shelf-life fashion goods have, marketers need to equip advertisements with the most up-to-date messages that the consumers seek. (Halve, 2005) The difficulty of targeting the right customers lies between the gap of understanding consumer behavior and media habits. (Dukes and Gal-Or, 2003) Based on the above theory, my research will analyze medias influence on Apparel Industry and consumer buying behavior. Data Sources The chief source would be to gather articles, papers and reports describing the role of media in Apparel Industry. This would fall under the Secondary data source (Fisher, 2007). Past cases would provide in depth coverage of events and are a trusted source. Also, journals and other articles on media and fashion apparel industry will be collected. All the above will enable coverage in depth of the topic and of the conclusions made earlier. This would be a proven source to base by research upon. Past case studies will help us in finding how media has helped the fashion apparel industry in advertising their products. As the research mainly analyses the role of media in fashion Apparel Industry, it will not be appropriate to collect the primary data in the form of a survey. Methodology Bryman and Bell (2007) stated that there are two strategies for research i.e. Qualitative and Quantitative methods. Quantitative data replicates finding about a sampling units in number while Qualitative data is information without the usage of numbers. Blumberg et al (2005) mentioned that researchers prefer either type of study. Taking into consideration the research, a blend of Qualitative and Quantitative research method is applied. Qualitative approach will help me become more knowledgeable with the fact the research is interested in (Trochim, 2000). This will give me a deeper understanding of the subject and help me in connecting one variable to another (Fisher, 2007). This will allow me to put down my findings about the role of media in fashion apparel industry. Quantitative data will help in construction of statistical models and explain the observations from it (Miles and Huberman, 1994). This data will help me in finding the influences on Fashion Involvement, Brand Conscious ness and Impulsiveness. In this research the method of data collection has been Desk Based Research. An extensive review of all the available secondary data would be essential.   Hypotheses The hypotheses to be tested in my research are:- Influences on Fashion Involvement Influences on Brand Consciousness Influences on Impulsiveness Research Design   Being essential to develop the most suitable research strategy, as to design the research process, including determining the research method, characteristics of the research instruments, and either quantitative or qualitative data to be used in analysis (Chisnall, 1997) Research design is a set of advanced decisions that make up the master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information.(Burns and Bush, 2000) Considering this research, exploratory and descriptive research design method would best be appropriate. Wide range of literature will be searched and quoted to clarify the problems in practice.   Ethical Considerations According to Diener and Crandall (1978), there are four issues where ethical considerations could occur are: Harm to participants; Lack of informed consent; Invasion of privacy; Deception. The retail outlets confidentiality would be maintained subject to their consent. The main ethical issues occurring will be during Field Work interviews, surveys and observations. The ethical issues would be taken proper care during the conduct of interviews and questionnaire. The opinions and answers of the interviewer would be respected and his identity would be kept anonymous, to respect the privacy. No one would be forced to give the questionnaire; it would totally depend on the individual. During observations care would be taken, so that it does not be a hindrance to the store and the customers. The data collected from various sources would also not be forwarded to everyone. The findings of the data would only be used for research purposes. The data would be free from any bias by the researched. Aston Business School (ABS) ethical issues regarding data protection and plagiarism would also be respected. All the books, journals, authors and any other sources would be duly respected and referenced if used. Any other ethical issue to occur during the research would also be taken care.

Japanese Food and Celebrations Essay -- Sociology, Culture, Golden Wee

What comes to mind when thinking of traditions? Well, tradition is a repeated action in a community or group of people which had been passed down from generations. Even in a modern country like Japan, tradition is part of their life just like in every country. Whether it’s celebrating or eating food, there’s always something people do as a tradition. The foods and celebrations in Japan are important because they are part of their tradition, which is essential to Japanese everywhere. The best example of a Japanese celebration is Golden Week. Firstly, it is a cluster of national holidays between April 29 and May 5 (Kids Web Japan). There are many celebrated things on this day. Furthermore, most big companies close down for a week or even ten days in these holidays. It is just like a spring break. Most importantly, April 29 is Greenery Day, which is to celebrate nature. May 3 is Constitution Day; it is the day when the present constitution was made. Finally it’s May 5, which is Children’s Day (Kids Web Japan). These holidays show that celebrations are highly regarded in Japan. Of course, Children’s day isn’t the only day to celebrate kids. There are also Hina Matsuri, Doll’s Festival or Girls’ Day, in March 3 and Shichi-Go-San, Seven-Five-Three, on November 15. First of all, Seven-five-three is a celebration for three-year old boys and girls, five-year old boys and seven-year old girls (Asij Elementary School Japanese Department). They visit a Shinto shrine with their parents and pay for chitose-ame, longevity candy (Kids Web Japan). Children are introduced to Japanese tradition at an early age. Then on Girls’ Day, parents with a daughter display dolls in their homes and wish for their daughter’s health and happiness (Broderick... .... It means one soup and three sides (Japanese Food and Culture Association). A meal could illustrate one’s culture and tradition. Secondly, it consists of a bowl of rice, a bowl of miso soup, pickled vegetables and fish or meat (Japanese Food and Culture Association). This shows that Japan can eat healthy because of the diversity of the food. Lastly, â€Å"Japan is a country of islands, so much of its food comes from the sea† (Ridgewell 8). Everyone knows that Japan is big on seafood. Fish is usually one of their sides. Truly, Japan has several different and exotic foods. In conclusion, there are many significant foods and celebrations in Japan. Big parts of Japanese customs are because of things like festivals and foods. Traditions are important in life because many people takes part in it and it will still be there in the future, just like it was there in the past.

The Lost Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Lost Iago in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s Othello the sinister nature of the ancient casts a pall of uneasiness over the narrative of the play. How can the evil influence of one character be so pervasive? Let us in this essay probe his character and find answers to our questions.    In â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello† Valerie Wayne exposes Iago’s inability to praise women when Desdemona asks him how he would do it:    Iago’s worry that he cannot do what Desdemona asks implies that his dispraise of women was candid and easily produced, while the praise requires labour and inspiration from a source beyond himself. His insufficiency is more surprising because elsewhere in the play Iago appears as a master rhetorician, but as Bloch explains, ‘the misogynistic writer uses rhetoric as a means of renouncing it, and, by extension, woman.’ (163)    First of all, Iago’s very words paint him for what he is. Robert Di Yanni in â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue† states that the evil antagonist reveals his character quite plainly through his speech:    Iago’s language reveals his coarseness; he crudely reduces sexual love to animal copulation. It also shows his ability to make things happen: he has infuriated Brabantio. The remainder of the scene shows the consequences of his speech, its power to inspire action. Iago is thus revealed as both an instigator and a man of crude sensibilities. (123)    And looking within Iago for the cause can yield the answer that the ancient is psychologically sick. In Shakespeare’s Four Giants Blanche Coles comments on the mental illness that appears to afflict the despicable Iago:    When such old time critics as H. N. Hudson, who wrote ne... ...o: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

Blus Hanging by Lois-Ann Yamanaka Essay -- Book Reviews Lois Ann Yama

Blu's Hanging by Lois-Ann Yamanaka Blu's Hanging by Lois-Ann Yamanaka tells a sad and realistic story of the Ogata family. With the absence of a mother and an uncaring father, the three children, Ivah, Blu, and Maisie, face insurmountable obstacles. Furthermore, various outside forces, such as sexual violence, poverty, and racism, make it even harder for them to cope with the harsh society. In spite of these hardships, it is the mother's invisible presence that keeps the three children together and guides them, although it also contributes to the unintended indifference of father, and the children's vulnerability of societal attacks. Eleanor, "the mother", is often presented in the story even though she is dead, in terms of her ideas and family's memory of her. The children's effort to include their mother in family events and not forgetting what she has said to them show how naturally they think of their mother's existence with them. When Poppy asks "O-kay, who's first?" (98) on a Christmas day for gift exchange, Blu says "You and Mama" (98), as if his mother is still there with him. The children do not forget to visit Mama's grave on special occasions, such as mother's day. These rituals regarding their mother indicate the presence of her in the family. Poppy's longing for Eleanor is also demonstrated when he frequently sings the song "Moon River" throughout the novel, and tells Ivah that "your Bradda's voice-thass your Mama singing right out his throat" (140). The lyrical content of the song "Moon River" shows how much he misses her, and finding mother's resemblance in Blu's voice shows that Poppy has n ot forgotten about her. The family remembers her, and will not forget her, which keeps her alive in the n... ...ides to "walk back ... stay there till I fix what I did wrong the first time ... take my sulfones too with Eleanor" (258), and leaves with Ka-san, a representation of Eleanor. This ending also shows the contradicting effects of the mother's invisible, yet existing characteristic, illustrating how Poppy was unable to let go of Eleanor, but the children were able to do so. This result is understandable since Poppy is the one who spent more time with Eleanor and the children are used to having her only spiritually. In Blu's Hanging by Yamanaka, the absence of mother leads to two opposing outcomes in the family: Poppy's downfall, the children's vulnerability to societal attacks, and at the same time a force to bond the family members together and guide the children to the right direction. Works Cited: Yamanaka, Lois-Ann. Blu's Hanging. New York: Avon, 1997.

Catholic Schools Week

This year’s national theme for Catholic Schools Week is â€Å"Catholic Schools: A+ for America. † The five years I have been at St. Dominic’s, I have experienced that it is very different then a public school and is much better. At St. Dominic’s, we go to church every Friday. During Church on Fridays, the Mass is run by the school so each class take turns serving and reading and being the gift bearers. We also have a Christmas play which is run by the 8th grade every year.On top of that we have a great religion class every day except on Friday’s and our priest will sometimes come over to school and read us a bible verse or two. To me, St. Dominic’s makes me feel like I am in a safe environment, to me it’s like a family. Here at St. Dominic’s our teachers do whatever they can to make us an A+ student. They care about are grades so we can have higher expectations and so we can live a better Christian life. So we do a lot of projec ts and activity to help us understand are work better.Here at St. Dominic’s we have one of every grade since it is a smaller school and we have smaller class sizes. So the friends you meet in pre-school are the friends you are going to graduate with and possible more. One of the projects we started a few years ago at St. Dominic School is recycling. The whole school gets involved. Each year we all have a competition to see which class collects the most recycling and whoever wins gets a reward. Recycling is something good for are county as well as our country. Also at St.Dominic’s, the 6th – 8th grade have to do service hours for a religion grade. I think this has a great impact on our country as a whole because we are making it possible to live in a safer environment by doing the smallest things like recycling and giving up are time for others in need. We also help out a round school like we rack the leaves in the fall and help put out salt in the winter. We als o work with the younger students helping them learn how to tie their shoes or sitting with them at church to teach them how to behave during Mass.Something else that we do as 8th graders at St. Dominic school is we teach the 5th grade how to serve during church. Since the 8th graders are the oldest students, we are asked to help out a lot. Whenever someone needs something we are always there to help them. So we have to take the biggest role in leading our school to a better community. Once you leave St. Dominic you are on your own and hopefully you always leave a Christian life. St. Dominic has made me realize that I can do whatever I want to as long as I put my mind to it.

Management Communications with Technology Tools

Managing organizational change and improvement is one of the most complex tasks of leadership. Leaders need to understand the change process in order to lead and manage change and improvement efforts effectively. Leaders must learn to overcome barriers and cope with the chaos that naturally exists during the complex process of change. Managers and other organizational leaders should assist workers and other stakeholders build effective teams by developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and attainable objectives. When such inspired and informed leadership is applied, organizations can improve performance. As noted by Harrison (1993) use of the process-oriented approach to managerial decision making with its strong managerial emphasis and its objectives-oriented outcomes is the model recommended for decisions with discernible levels of uncertainty attendant on the outcome. Such decisions include those made at middle and upper levels of management both in the private and the public sectors where the consequences are of high levels of significance to the total organization. Included in this category are all decisions of a strategic nature and those involving appreciable commitments of resources directed towards the long-term enhancement of the corporation or institution. â€Å"The process model is ideal for these kinds of decision because it is forward looking in that it has a planning emphasis not apparent in the other models of decision making. The process model is oriented towards innovation and organizational change with a particular emphasis on long-term results. It relies principally on the judgment of the decision maker, but not to the exclusion of computation or compromise to fit special decision-making situations† (Harrison, 1993). According to Alexa Michael (2009) â€Å"a company needs accurate, reliable and timely information on performance, which must flow up through an organization regularly. It should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term†. One solution for managing organizational change and improvement according to David Blanchard (2009) â€Å"is developing a set of highly descriptive key performance indicators (KPIs) that include precise times, quantities and other numerical measurements so that everyone is on the same page about what it will take to achieve acceptable on-time, accurate and cost-effective performance levels†. Using a range of KPIs that include financial and non-financial measures to gauge how successful the business is in achieving its goals will improve its performance. The KPIs should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term. A company also needs to address the issue of cash-flow management. Managing cash-flow variability tops the agenda for most companies. â€Å"Identifying and fixing friction points that hinder operating capital as it flows across the balance sheet from inventory and payables to accounts receivable† (Driscoll, 2009) is an organizational change critical to a company’s long-term viability. Another organizational change for improvement is the idea of Lean Performance Improvement. Successful lean performance improvement initiatives have front-line workers generating, processing and implementing ideas. Using the high-performance idea system front-line employees drive the lean improvement process with regular and ongoing engagement with daily problems and opportunities. With successful organizational change a company can use this process-focused approach to build their own lean culture. Harrison (1993) tells us that â€Å"the components of the decision-making process for the process model are the functions of decision making which include setting managerial objectives, searching for alternatives, comparing and evaluating alternatives, the act of choice, implementing the decision, and following up and controlling the decision. The process model with its managerial emphasis drawing selectively on the disciplines of economics, mathematics, statistics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, political science, anthropology and law. The process model’s objective-oriented outcome approach best allows for successful adaptation of organizational change leading to long-term success†. The implementation strategy for the organizational change that includes the introduction of key performance indicators (KPIs), lean performance initiatives and cash-flow management will be both top-down and bottom-up. Clear communication that brings employees of all levels on board with the changes being made and how it affects them and the future of their company and job must be made. Ensuring that all stakeholders understand that they have a say in the success of their company and therefore increased success for themselves is paramount. The KPIs will be both financial and non-financial. KPIs will be used to monitor factors that are known to create value within the business. KPIs will help ensure that the following things are in place, â€Å"products and services that are attractive to consumers both now and in the future, clear objectives that are communicated properly to the workforce, desires for continuous improvement, useful management information and effective financial control, efficient services and distribution, good, well-informed managers, and regulatory compliance with minimum disruption to organizational routines† (Michael, 2009). Developing and using a checklist to monitor and asses these key performance indicators will be done. The checklist will be a series of questions that properly answered will help determine whether or not the company is getting value from their business and will eliminate a problem identified by Roger Chevalier (2009) in his article about analyzing performance where part of the problem with the performance was that â€Å"expectations for performance are unclear†. Answering the questions yes or no for both now and in the future will help look at the factors that can improve or destroy the value of the business. Questions such as, â€Å"spreading your buying/selling contracts too widely over time, hostage to one or two buying/selling contracts or customers/suppliers, sure your purchase/sales order books are firm and go forward far enough, buying/selling on a growing/declining trend in real terms, buying/selling any products at a loss, using cross-selling and up-selling techniques to improve sales, monitoring whether your purchases arrive on time and are of the right quality to meet your manufacturing schedules, satisfied that your suppliers’ terms, and your own terms to customers, are competitive, aware of the financial implications of your pricing policy, loyal to good customers/suppliers, scheduling orders to obtain better terms, developing your competitive position, fostering your company’s reputation and brand values, developing your business processes to create more value, enhancing staff skills to improve your competitive advantage† (Michael, 2009). Another strategy to implement that overlaps with the key performance indicators will be the lean performance improvement initiatives. â€Å"A successful lean implementation will result in various operational and financial improvements. Operational improvements include higher quality and productivity as well as lower nonproductive capacity and lead times. Some financial improvements realized from a successful lean implementation include increased cash flows, lower inventory levels, and lower costs† (Searcy, 2009). Successful lean performance improvement initiatives generate significant front-line involvement in identifying and implementing opportunities for improvement. As noted by Robinson and Schroeder (2009) in these initiatives ideas are integrated into everyday work, the emphasis is on small ideas, front-line performance metrics focus ideas on what is important, and both managers and workers are held accountable for their roles in the idea process. The strategy for implementing change with regard to the issue of cash-flow management will focus on forecasting as the key activity to improve. The forecasting of cash outflows and cash inflows both need to be accurate. According to Mary Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the bent of the typical finance function which tends to be accounting-oriented, concentrated on the accurate recording of journal entries and the consolidation of data from across the enterprise for statutory and management reporting†. Also according to the article by Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the key to cash-flow forecasting was more accurate demand forecasts†. Consideration of successful measurement techniques with the key performance indicators (KPIs) will be whether or not the business added value. Use the KPIs to ensure that the selling price covers costs of production and promotion. Use the KPIs to help the business work more closely with customers and suppliers to ensure a competitive advantage (Michael, 2009). Successful measurement of the lean performance improvement initiatives can be achieved by measuring employee morale and productivity. â€Å"Pyromation decided to integrate problem-identification and idea-generation into the regular work of front-line employees. Idea boards were set up, supervisors were trained in idea-meeting facilitation, and weekly shop-floor idea meetings were scheduled. In this way, front-line workers were given the opportunity to use the tools and techniques of lean production that they had been taught. The resulting stream of improvement ideas made an enormous difference. In two years, productivity increased by a third, lead-time was cut by 60 percent, and late deliveries were reduced by 70 percent† (Robinson and Schroeder, 2009). Successful measurement of the strategy for implementing change to cash-flow management will result in ensuring that â€Å"all managers understand that, in addition to the importance of earning a return on investments, the company needs steady cash flow to support operations and our credit position† (Driscoll, 2009). Ensuring the accuracy of cash in-flow estimates will require greater cooperation between management in getting speedy and precise analyses regarding booked sales that can be counted on as income and asking about sales pipelines, pricing, marketing effectiveness and channel viability. The internal revenue growth assumptions will need to be examined closely to ensure accuracy. If the internal numbers do not match industry outlooks the companies position will need to be reevaluated to ensure that it is not taking on a risky position. Managing organizational change and improvement requires leaders themselves to change. The leaders will have to bring in all stakeholders within the company into the management process. The leaders that overcome the barriers that traditional leadership throughout industry has always had in place will succeed in developing new organizational structures that create a shared vision focusing on the mission of the business. The shared vision in turn will improve the performance of the business which in turn increases the viability of the business. Working with the process model today’s leadership can eliminate the old management style of top-down leadership that did not value or effectively utilize the experience and front-line vision of its front-line employees. The process model can also be effectively used within the upper management as they improve the cash flow management of the business. Going beyond the traditional role of the accounting office and interacting with management from sales and production will enable cash flow analysis that carefully examines cash in-flow as well as cash out-flow creating a more solid financial picture of the business. This enhanced view of the balance ledger will enable the business to be better protected financially during turbulent business cycles. Identifying Key Metrics in Performance Measurement of Organizational Change ultimately involves more than just examining numbers on a data sheet. Those kinds of metrics, numbers on a data sheet, are valuable, but only within the context of the environment that they come from. The metrics that measure the human element are still the most important. The key performance indicators (KPIs), the lean performance improvement initiatives and the cash flow analysis all still require the human element to be useful.