Contemporary Theories of Aging free essay sample

Stability Template Model †¢Based on theories presented by Freud and other psychoanalysts †¢Individuals do not change once they become adults †¢Is an individual’s identity is stable over time, he or she will react to stress and life’s events in a consistent manner †¢Erikson describes the take during midlife as generativity versus despair; establishing and guiding the next generation †¢Erikson describes the task during later life as integrity versus despair; people reviewing their lives to assess whether they have become who they wanted to be . Orderly Change Model †¢Is a stage theory †¢The individual’s identity is formed early in life but changes through interaction with the environment †¢Adults in midlife examine their current life and may make a new life based on changing circumstances (Levinson) 3. Theory of Random Change Fate or non-normative events cause change in identity because of how individuals adapt to their new roles †¢Social change affects the behavior of a cohort (known as the cohort effect) †¢Individuals change over time in response to biological, cultural, psychological and sociological factors †¢Patterns or behaviors exist because cohorts are exposed to similar experiences †¢It is possible to predict the behavior of future generations Social Construction Theory Is related to symbolic interactionism †¢Actions and feelings of individuals have no intrinsic meaning of their own, but are given meaning based on expectations of society †¢People choose to act in a certain way based on personal interpretations of a situation †¢The Empty Nest Syndrome was identities as a crisis in the 1960s, but is not longer identified as one in the 1990s. We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Theories of Aging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (The way in which women interpret the situation has changed. ) The Seasons of Life Coming stages in life are defined according o the expectations of society as to when events should occur †¢The seasons are defined but the expectation about what is normal during that phase of life †¢Each stage is referred to as a season, e. g. , midlife and later life are considered fall and winter †¢Seasons are determined by both a biological and a psychological clock †¢The psychological clock refers to the meaning that individuals make of their own lives

Health Care Quality and Medical Errors-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are required to conduct a critical appraisal of a primary research paper. Two papers are provided and you chooseone either quantitativeorqualitative. Answer: Introduction Maintenance of medical safety is vital. It ensures that patients receive quality, safe, timely and patient-centered medication. Although medical errors are inevitable, they ought to be avoided. Typically, medical errors result in adverse health effects and unnecessary additional medical expenses (Pham et al, 2012). Therefore, medical errors entail any avertable conditions which could result in irrelevant medication or subsequent patient harm. Medical errors are approximated to be less than a quarter of all the administered medications. A third of these errors result to harm on patients (Starmer et al, 2014). Medical administrative errors occur when the standard norms of clinical administration are breached (Garrouste-Orgeas et al, 2012). They include the right drug, patient, dose, route, time, documentation and reason. Research problem and importance. The research problem of this study is quite relevant and helpful. Conventionally, there exists scanty data concerning the perspectives and experiences of medical practitioners. In addition, this is in regards to the effective application of safety procedures and avoidance of medical errors (Senders, 2018). Knowledge concerning these perspectives and experiences will be imperative in establishing applicable safety processes and their implementation (David et al, 2013). Therefore, the significance of this research is to provide an in-depth analysis regarding medical experts perspectives and encounters so as to steer clear medical errors. Research design and methods. According to the article, the research design is suitable. The authors have justified the method utilized in the study. The research was conducted in a university hospital. Each medication is stored and administration prepared by medical experts mostly nurses. An electronic prescription system is utilized by physicians in prescribing medication. Any drug administrations and prescriptions that are done have to be recorded. Every nurse handles specific patients to ensure easy monitoring of progress. The research design also explains how participants were incorporated into the study. A qualitative investigative research was conducted in nurses. Subsequently, this aimed at obtaining a comprehensive perspective concerning the operational and management levels. Purposive sampling designed to getting a greater heterogeneity was used. Foremost, the safety and quality innovators of nurse managers were requested to contribute to the study. Snowball sampling was utilized to retrieve the names of nurses in other departments who represent different levels of seniority and training (Smeulers et al, 2014). In the same token, only registered nurses were incorporated into the study. Data collection was done through predetermined interviews. The interviews provided a wider scope for nurses to express themselves. They could also seek any guidance from the interviewers. All participants were requested to reflect on the essence of safety practices before the research was concluded. The research design observed ethics since the interview process was comprehensively explained to the participants. Formal written consent was obtained from each person who participated. Interviews were recorded for future reference and analysis, for instance, transcription (Smeulers et al, 2014). Consequently, analysis of data was done simultaneously with the interviews. All interviews were coded separately at the end of each interview. Codes were interpreted, discussed and compared. In addition, reviewing was performed and conclusions made. The most applicable themes were identified which relate to nurses perspectives and experiences. Furthermore, the classification of themes was achieved through consensus. Eventually, analysis of the identified themes was performed and verified. Findings and their importance Generally, only three particular themes were identified from the study. They were nurses responsibilities and roles in medical safety, their capability to safely work in their daily routine and their acceptance to safety practices. The medical experts interviewed felt accountable and responsible for the safe preparation and administration of medication (Smeulers et al, 2014). Likewise, they perceived that they have a continuing obligation of assessing patients medical conditions in regards to the prescribed medications. They emphasized on the need to be alert and work keenly when dealing with medication. Other nurses stated that this responsibility made them feel vulnerable as they are individually accountable for any medical errors they cause. The article reveals that nurses have an essential role. They are useful in the general medication process and subsequently in medication safety (Smeulers et al, 2014). Clinical reasoning is expected of any nurse even though the physician prescribes the medication. Checking the prescribed medication comprehensively and examining the actual patient situation is fundamental. A nurses capability to deliver work safely in regards to medication is affected by various factors. One of them is the consciousness of an imminent error and conditions of work. The cognizance of the possibility of potential medical errors is different among different nurses. Basically, nurses obtain their awareness from previous knowledge on incident reports, aftermaths of errors and personal experiences (Makary and Daniel, 2016). On the other hand, other nurses reveal that medical errors are as a result of insufficient experience and knowledge. The study reveals that if an unfortunate incidence occurs, extra awareness programs are established to enlighten the medical professionals. Additionally, these programs necessitate urgent measures to make sure there is an improvement of the work conditions. Various circumstances contribute to errors which might arise in the course of work. The dependency on others, work environment, and work pressure are some of the key factors which cause medical errors. Increased work pressure makes nurses multitask. Similarly, this results in minimal concentration hence hurried work. In such cases, therefore, if the potential mistake will not affect patients much, then nurses may forego the established safety procedures. Subsequently, medical experts ought to mitigate work pressure to make sure quality healthcare services are provided. Nurses have to apply personalized efficiency practices. For instance, early preparation on how to handle different patients that one is assigned. Medical safety is influenced by the environment in which health experts prepare medication. Often, it is disturbing when nurses enter the medication room simultaneously (Andel et al, 2012). Concentration and tranquility are lost hence the possible emergence of medical errors. To enhance improvement of medical safety several measures have to be implemented. It is imperative to acknowledge the pivotal role of medical experts. Subsequently, this is because they strive to provide the finest care. The way in which care is delivered should be considered. Healthcare ought to be availed in the most professional manner possible to evade minor errors. Nurse-associated factors, for example, education, transformational leadership, relationship with colleagues and staffing concerns must be considered hence improved to reduce medical errors (Van Cott, 2018). Furthermore, the practice environment should be supportive of the provision of safe care. Excellent management at work will also make nurses initiate mechanisms which identify errors hence evade them. Conclusion Striving to maintain a medical free error environment is paramount as it ensures patient welfare is upheld. The way to mitigate error is to learn and identify the causes of error and utilize knowledge to establish mechanisms for reducing it (Topol and Hill, 2012). Consequently, in the process, policymakers, researchers, and medical stakeholders have increased their efforts to comprehend and transform institutional conditions and components that cause medical errors. Medical procedures are subject to errors because there exist numerous environmental and workload concerns experienced by nurses. On the contrary, nurses have the ability to recognize, interpret and correct errors in advance before they have negative effects on patients. There are several practices which have come up to aid in reducing clinical mistakes. They include medication education, e-learning, electronic systems, interruption protection, double checking, visual reminders, and protocols. Having dedicated medical professional is significant in steering clear minor errors. References Andel, C., Davidow, S. L., Hollander, M., Moreno, D. A. (2012). The economics of health care quality and medical errors.Journal of health care finance,39(1), 39. David, G., Gunnarsson, C. L., Waters, H. C., Horblyuk, R., Kaplan, H. S. (2013). Economic measurement of medical errors using a hospital claims database.Value in Health,16(2), 305-310. Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Philippart, F., Bruel, C., Max, A., Lau, N., Misset, B. (2012). Overview of medical errors and adverse events.Annals of intensive care,2(1), 2. Makary, M. A., Daniel, M. (2016). Medical error-the third leading cause of death in the US.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),353. Pham, J. C., Aswani, M. S., Rosen, M., Lee, H., Huddle, M., Weeks, K., Pronovost, P. J. (2012). Reducing medical errors and adverse events.Annual review of medicine,63, 447-463. Senders, J. W. (2018). Medical devices, medical errors, and medical accidents. InHuman error in medicine(pp. 159-177). CRC Press. Smeulers, M., Onderwater, A. T., Zwieten, M. C., Vermeulen, H. (2014). Nurses' experiences and perspectives on medication safety practices: an explorative qualitative study.Journal of nursing management,22(3), 276-285. Starmer, A. J., Spector, N. D., Srivastava, R., West, D. C., Rosenbluth, G., Allen, A. D., ... Lipsitz, S. R. (2014). Changes in medical errors after implementation of a handoff program.New England Journal of Medicine,371(19), 1803-1812. Topol, E. J., Hill, D. (2012).The creative destruction of medicine: How the digital revolution will create better health care(p. 2). New York: Basic Books. Van Cott, H. (2018). Human errors: Their causes and reduction. InHuman error in medicine(pp. 53-65). CRC Press.

My Father free essay sample

Step by step I inch my way up the beautiful marble stairs of Grand Central Station, becoming closer and closer to my favorite place; the concrete jungle, better known as New York City. I can’t help but to fantasize about life in the city. I strut my way down Broadway in my two-thousand dollar Louboutins accompanied by my Spring 2014 Prada dress suit, paying no attention to the walk sign that displays a flashing hand because I have a high paying job that I need to get to. My glamorous chimera has only just begun when I feel the grasping tug of a warm hand struggling to find stability. I look at my embarrassed dad one step below me, as he tensely grabs the brass railing while struggling to climb the twenty stairs that bring absolute delight to his little princess. I wish I could say that my father had sprained his ankle or had broken his leg. We will write a custom essay sample on My Father or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also wish I could say that I’ve been skiing, hiking or jogging with my dad. But none of that’s true. The year 2000 has no significance to me other than that year my dad, a whole-hearted, gregarious man, was destroyed. The day began as every other day on the job did; a brief hello to everyone occupying the worn red and blue leather seats followed by the mastered task of attacking the small white tickets with the oversized hole puncher. Just as my dad greeted one of his â€Å"regulars† his radio was bombarded with shouts from a coworker on a different train screaming, â€Å"Mike! Stop the train! Your undercarriage is on fire! Evacuate immediately!† Dropping any other care in the world, my dad ran through all cars demanding all passengers to abandon the train quickly. Finally stopping at the location of the waving and smoking fire, my dad jumped to the needs of the fatigued and suffocating passengers without hesitation. Heroically speaking my dad claims, à ¢â‚¬Å"The passengers were my responsibility. I had to get them off the train if it was the last thing I did.† On September 13, 2000, an average forty-year-old man saved the lives of thirty Metro-North commuters despite his twelve fractured bones, various torn ligaments and tendons, endless gashes, and loss of a lung due to inhalation of heavy smoke. With a permanently muffled voice and troubled breathing, my dad claimed the title of a hero. My dad is continuously reminded of his heroic moment as he looks down at the thirteen scars covering his body or hears his raspy voice straining itself to answer a simple question. At any point in time, he is able to relive the catastrophe as he saved the lives of desperate strangers. My story is a little different. I cannot look down at my arm and see a soft purple scar to remind me of a heroic deed. Rather, I see my dad struggle to walk, talk or breathe and internally inflate with sorrow and anger. Selfishly, I yearn for a dad that’s a dad, not an observer. I want a dad that could have chased me around Indian River soccer field, jogging ten feet behind at a sluggishly slow pace yelling, â€Å"You’re so fast, I’m never going to catch you!† I want a dad that could have surprised my family with a vacation because he secretly decided to work overtime a few days every week. I want a dad who can decide to go to the gym and workout for an hour because he has a small window of time before he has to pick me up from tennis practice. My emotions are uncontrollable as I think of how I could have grown up differently if my dad never saved those passengers. I long for a life I can’t have, but I also realize how blessed I am with the life I do have. Every day I decide to glance over the scars that ruin his skin, the hoarse voice that hides his expression, and the limp muscles that prevent him from participating in endless activities because I know that is not what matters. Rather I value each moment my dad lectures me on how to hit a golf ball right or zoom in to capture the perfect picture. I understand how lucky I am to have someone to teach and guide me. I continuously look into my dad’s heart, filled with life, energy, and love and appreciate the amazing dad that I am fortunate enough to have.

Platos Republic essays

Plato's Republic essays The Republic by Plato is considered a classic. A classic in the sense that it has withstood the test of time and is still studied today by people all over the world. It describes the human search for justice while also exploring philosophical clarity. Plato wrote this book about his teacher, Socrates, who was the first philosopher of western thought and believed that there was a rational explanation for all occurances on earth rather than just a religious meaning. His search for logical explanations for all occurances led him to be sought out in his community to have discussions about life and man. The Republic recounts discussions Socrates had with his contemporaries about the meaning of justice. The first of these men was a rich, older man by the name of Cephalus. He believed that justice meant speaking the truth at all times and always paying back one's debts. Cephalus said that a just man should return whatever is owed to another without hesitation or concern and to always tell the truth no matter the consequences. This caused Socrates much confusion and, using his dialetic method, he prodded deeper into to Cephalus's meaning to try to come up with some truth. Socrates said that being just is not as easy as just telling the truth and paying one's debts all the time. These actions could be considered just or unjust depending on the circumstances. If someone had borrowed his friend's whiskey and his friend, who is a recovering alcoholic, asked for it back, would it be the just thing to do to return it knowing his friend has a drinking problem or to keep it in order to help him out? That is the kind of question that Socrates posed to Cephalus to which he agreed and le ft the argument to his son, Polemarchus. Still, Polemarchus carried on the belief that "it is just to give to each what is owed" (331 e). However, he also states that it can depend on the circumstances around that situation specifically that one does wha...

Wet amounts and Hanging Drops Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wet amounts and Hanging Drops - Lab Report Example On the other hand, wet amount method comprises of a very tiny film of liquid sandwiched between a microscopic and a cover slip respectively (Pommerville& Alcamo, 2010). In the two cases, temperature generated from the lamp and concentrated on the slide by the condenser will start to destroy the bacteria within the shortest time possible. Notably, the light should not be on if there is nobody observing the slides. If the cells are not available shortly; a new slide should be made in order to measure motility precisely. Preparation of hanging drop: to perform this experiment, a small amount of Vaseline was placed at both ends of the cover slip using a small stick. A tiny wax pencil spot was also placed close to one corner to assist in focusing. A little drip of culture was then placed in the middle of the cover slip. For the Vaseline to be in touch with the slide and the depression to be above the culture drop, the depression slide was upturned over the cover slip (Pommerville& Alcamo, 2010). The slide was taken and overturned slowly and cautiously to ensure that the position of the culture drop does not change. This was meant to assist in making observations close to the edge of the culture drop and not in the middle. Preparation of wet amount: the preparation involved the creation of a single tiny drip of culture from numerous loopfuls. This was then followed by gripping a cover slide perpendicularly to the main slide while holding the opposite phase of the cover slide that does not have a drop. After that, the coverslip was gradually and cautiously joined with the main slide to ensure that the drip is equally distributed between the slide and coverslip (Pommerville& Alcamo, 2010). Notably, to prevent the coverslip from floating and complicating the process of focusing, only a small amount of liquid was required. Since it is not easy to observe unstained bacteria, using little water was

UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF STARTEGY PLANNING Assignment

UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF STARTEGY PLANNING - Assignment Example The company’s strength is in its research and development team which focuses on dermatology and cosmetology. Such capability has allowed the company to develop new products like Armani Code Donna. The company has continuously registered dismal performance in North America where Procter and Gamble is doing well. In the hair styling market, in Western Europe, the company is doing poorly. Such performance undermines investor confidence (L’Oreal Annual Report). Markets like United States provide the company with new opportunities. The old population in United States provides a large market for beauty products. They use revitalizing lotions and cosmetics that give them a good appeal and appearance. Emerging markets in Brazil, India and China provides market for the company’s cosmetic products. Indians provide a high demand for hair color products. Threats faced by L’Oreal include consumers opting for new technologies like organ transplant, cosmetic surgery and advanced dermatology, the company could lose market for its products. Increased competition from companies like Avon, Revlon, Procter and Gamble, Unilever, and others poses a significant threat to L’Oreal. Availability of counterfeit products in the market reduces consumer confidence and tarnishes the brand image. PESTLE analysis establishes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and the environment in which a company thrives. The company is doing well in local and international markets. The hair color products of the company are in high demand, in India. The company registered 70 million new consumers worldwide and is targeting an increment of outlets in new markets. Socially, the company involves itself in education, affirmative action, science and other issues. The company continues to improve social lives in many countries. The most significant involvement is a partnership with United

What were the chief charactistics of the Renaissance Consider Essay

What were the chief charactistics of the Renaissance Consider artistic, intellectual and civic innovations - Essay Example Art styles such as naturalism was developed by the Greeks which involved painting the human body in the nude. Oil paint was invented. Other artists such as Donatello worked using marble and bronze. Ceramic clay was also used. Artists such as Raphael, Michelangelo, and da Vinci emerged in the late 1400’s and early 1500’s. One of the famous paintings of the time was the Mona Lisa. Northern Renaissance painters such as Jan Van Eyck also emerged. Eyck invented the oil glazing technique. This technique replaced the egg-tempera which was used earlier. Innovations were also made in the field of science. Nicolas Copernicus made an attempt to prove that the sun was at the center of the solar system and not the earth. It was this theory by Copernicus that led to other discoveries such as those of Galileo, Kepler and Newton. This was the most important discovery made during the Renaissance. Humanism can be defined as the general idea that man is uniquely different from other types of beings and as such can develop his own culture. It involved the urge to know more about the heritages of Rome and Greece. People were of the belief that a lot could be learnt from the past. One of the most renowned humanists was Niccolo Machiavelli who brought about new ideas of conducting politics. Humanism advocated for a change in how things were done. It encouraged a shift from a contemplative way of life to an active life. In general, the renaissance period brought about a new age and a new way of conducting activities. It was the birth of a new school of thought and a new breed of artists, philosophers and scientists. It brought about the momentum that spurred further